// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)

#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <limits>
#include <ostream>  // NOLINT
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

#if GTEST_OS_LINUX

	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
	// gettimeofday().
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

	#include <fcntl.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <limits.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sched.h>  // NOLINT
	// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
	#include <strings.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sys/mman.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <string>

#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
	#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

	// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
	#include <strings.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.

	#include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.

	#include <io.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT

	#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
		// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
		// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
		//   gettimeofday().
		// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
		//   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
		//   supports these.  consider using them instead.
		#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
		#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW

	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	#include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#else

	// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
	// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
	//   gettimeofday().
	#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

	// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
	// silence it.
	#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT

#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
	#include <stdexcept>
#endif

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
	#include <arpa/inet.h>  // NOLINT
	#include <netdb.h>  // NOLINT
#endif

// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#include "gtest-internal-inl.h"
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace testing
{

	using internal::CountIf;
	using internal::ForEach;
	using internal::GetElementOr;
	using internal::Shuffle;

	// Constants.

	// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
	// disabled and not run.
	static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";

	// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
	// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
	// match this filter.
	static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";

	// A test filter that matches everything.
	static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";

	// The default output file for XML output.
	static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";

	// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
	static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
	// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
	static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
	// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
	static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";

	namespace internal
	{

		// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
		// stack trace.
		const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";

		// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
		// specified on the command line.
		bool g_help_flag = false;

	}  // namespace internal

	static const char *GetDefaultFilter()
	{
		return kUniversalFilter;
	}

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    also_run_disabled_tests,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("also_run_disabled_tests", false),
	    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    break_on_failure,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("break_on_failure", false),
	    "True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    catch_exceptions,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("catch_exceptions", true),
	    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    color,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("color", "auto"),
	    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
	    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
	    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
	    "is set to a terminal type that supports colors.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    filter,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("filter", GetDefaultFilter()),
	    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
	    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
	    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
	    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
	    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(list_tests, false,
	                   "List all tests without running them.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    output,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("output", ""),
	    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
	    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
	    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
	    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
	    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
	    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
	    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
	    "digits.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    print_time,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("print_time", true),
	    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should display elapsed time in text output.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    random_seed,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("random_seed", 0),
	    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
	    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    repeat,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("repeat", 1),
	    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
	    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    show_internal_stack_frames, false,
	    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
	    "printing test failure stack traces.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    shuffle,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("shuffle", false),
	    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
	    " should randomize tests' order on every run.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
	    stack_trace_depth,
	    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv("stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth),
	    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
	    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
	    stream_result_to,
	    internal::StringFromGTestEnv("stream_result_to", ""),
	    "This flag specifies the host name and the port number on which to stream "
	    "test results. Example: \"localhost:555\". The flag is effective only on "
	    "Linux.");

	GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
	    throw_on_failure,
	    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("throw_on_failure", false),
	    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
	    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
	    "otherwise.");

	namespace internal
	{

		// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
		// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
		// than kMaxRange.
		UInt32 Random::Generate(UInt32 range)
		{
			// These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
			state_ = (1103515245U * state_ + 12345U) % kMaxRange;

			GTEST_CHECK_(range > 0)
			        << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
			GTEST_CHECK_(range <= kMaxRange)
			        << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
			        << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";

			// Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
			// it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
			// to begin with.
			return state_ % range;
		}

		// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
		// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
		// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
		//
		// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
		// Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
		// InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
		// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
		GTEST_API_ int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
		static bool GTestIsInitialized()
		{
			return g_init_gtest_count != 0;
		}

		// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
		// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
		// Returns the sum.
		static int SumOverTestCaseList(const std::vector<TestCase *> &case_list,
		                               int (TestCase::*method)() const)
		{
			int sum = 0;
			for (size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++)
			{
				sum += (case_list[i]->*method)();
			}
			return sum;
		}

		// Returns true iff the test case passed.
		static bool TestCasePassed(const TestCase *test_case)
		{
			return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
		}

		// Returns true iff the test case failed.
		static bool TestCaseFailed(const TestCase *test_case)
		{
			return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
		}

		// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
		// run.
		static bool ShouldRunTestCase(const TestCase *test_case)
		{
			return test_case->should_run();
		}

		// AssertHelper constructor.
		AssertHelper::AssertHelper(TestPartResult::Type type,
		                           const char *file,
		                           int line,
		                           const char *message)
			: data_(new AssertHelperData(type, file, line, message))
		{
		}

		AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()
		{
			delete data_;
		}

		// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
		void AssertHelper::operator=(const Message &message) const
		{
			UnitTest::GetInstance()->
			AddTestPartResult(data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
			                  AppendUserMessage(data_->message, message),
			                  UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
			                  ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1)
			                  // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
			                 );  // NOLINT
		}

		// Mutex for linked pointers.
		GTEST_API_ GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_linked_ptr_mutex);

		// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
		std::string g_executable_path;

		// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
		// is present.
		FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName()
		{
			FilePath result;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path).RemoveExtension("exe"));
#else
			result.Set(FilePath(g_executable_path));
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

			return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
		}

		// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

		// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
		std::string UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat()
		{
			const char *const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
			if (gtest_output_flag == NULL) return std::string("");

			const char *const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
			return (colon == NULL) ?
			       std::string(gtest_output_flag) :
			       std::string(gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag);
		}

		// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
		// was explicitly specified.
		std::string UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile()
		{
			const char *const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str();
			if (gtest_output_flag == NULL)
				return "";

			const char *const colon = strchr(gtest_output_flag, ':');
			if (colon == NULL)
				return internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
				           internal::FilePath(
				               UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
				           internal::FilePath(kDefaultOutputFile)).string();

			internal::FilePath output_name(colon + 1);
			if (!output_name.IsAbsolutePath())
				// TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
				// path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
				// following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
				// Fix it.
				output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
				                  internal::FilePath(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir()),
				                  internal::FilePath(colon + 1));

			if (!output_name.IsDirectory())
				return output_name.string();

			internal::FilePath result(internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
			                              output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
			                              GetOutputFormat().c_str()));
			return result.string();
		}

		// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
		// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
		//
		// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
		// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
		bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString(const char *pattern,
		                                           const char *str)
		{
			switch (*pattern)
			{
			case '\0':
			case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
				return *str == '\0';
			case '?':  // Matches any single character.
				return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
			case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
				return (*str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString(pattern, str + 1)) ||
				       PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str);
			default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
				return *pattern == *str &&
				       PatternMatchesString(pattern + 1, str + 1);
			}
		}

		bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(
		    const std::string &name, const char *filter)
		{
			const char *cur_pattern = filter;
			for (;;)
			{
				if (PatternMatchesString(cur_pattern, name.c_str()))
				{
					return true;
				}

				// Finds the next pattern in the filter.
				cur_pattern = strchr(cur_pattern, ':');

				// Returns if no more pattern can be found.
				if (cur_pattern == NULL)
				{
					return false;
				}

				// Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
				cur_pattern++;
			}
		}

		// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
		// name and the test name.
		bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(const std::string &test_case_name,
		                                        const std::string &test_name)
		{
			const std::string &full_name = test_case_name + "." + test_name.c_str();

			// Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
			// positive filter and negative filter portions
			const char *const p = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();
			const char *const dash = strchr(p, '-');
			std::string positive;
			std::string negative;
			if (dash == NULL)
			{
				positive = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();  // Whole string is a positive filter
				negative = "";
			}
			else
			{
				positive = std::string(p, dash);   // Everything up to the dash
				negative = std::string(dash + 1);  // Everything after the dash
				if (positive.empty())
				{
					// Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
					positive = kUniversalFilter;
				}
			}

			// A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
			// test if any pattern in it matches the test.
			return (MatchesFilter(full_name, positive.c_str()) &&
			        !MatchesFilter(full_name, negative.c_str()));
		}

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
		// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
		// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
		// This function is useful as an __except condition.
		int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(DWORD exception_code)
		{
			// Google Test should handle a SEH exception if:
			//   1. the user wants it to, AND
			//   2. this is not a breakpoint exception, AND
			//   3. this is not a C++ exception (VC++ implements them via SEH,
			//      apparently).
			//
			// SEH exception code for C++ exceptions.
			// (see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/185294 for more information).
			const DWORD kCxxExceptionCode = 0xe06d7363;

			bool should_handle = true;

			if (!GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
				should_handle = false;
			else if (exception_code == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
				should_handle = false;
			else if (exception_code == kCxxExceptionCode)
				should_handle = false;

			return should_handle ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
		}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

	}  // namespace internal

	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	    TestPartResultArray *result)
		: intercept_mode_(INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD),
		  result_(result)
	{
		Init();
	}

	// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
	// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
	// results.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
	    InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray *result)
		: intercept_mode_(intercept_mode),
		  result_(result)
	{
		Init();
	}

	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init()
	{
		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS)
		{
			old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
			impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(this);
		}
		else
		{
			old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
			impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(this);
		}
	}

	// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
	// before.
	ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter()
	{
		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		if (intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS)
		{
			impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(old_reporter_);
		}
		else
		{
			impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(old_reporter_);
		}
	}

	// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
	// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
	void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
	    const TestPartResult &result)
	{
		result_->Append(result);
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
		// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
		// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
		// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
		// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
		// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
		// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
		// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
		// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
		TypeId GetTestTypeId()
		{
			return GetTypeId<Test>();
		}

		// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
		// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
		extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();

		// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
		// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
		// given substring.
		AssertionResult HasOneFailure(const char * /* results_expr */,
		                              const char * /* type_expr */,
		                              const char * /* substr_expr */,
		                              const TestPartResultArray &results,
		                              TestPartResult::Type type,
		                              const string &substr)
		{
			const std::string expected(type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
			                           "1 fatal failure" :
			                           "1 non-fatal failure");
			Message msg;
			if (results.size() != 1)
			{
				msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
				    << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";
				for (int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++)
				{
					msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult(i);
				}
				return AssertionFailure() << msg;
			}

			const TestPartResult &r = results.GetTestPartResult(0);
			if (r.type() != type)
			{
				return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
				       << "  Actual:\n"
				       << r;
			}

			if (strstr(r.message(), substr.c_str()) == NULL)
			{
				return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
				       << substr << "\"\n"
				       << "  Actual:\n"
				       << r;
			}

			return AssertionSuccess();
		}

		// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
		// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
		// substring the failure message should contain.
		SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
		    const TestPartResultArray *results,
		    TestPartResult::Type type,
		    const string &substr)
			: results_(results),
			  type_(type),
			  substr_(substr) {}

		// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
		// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
		// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
		// non-fatal failure will be generated.
		SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker()
		{
			EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3(HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_);
		}

		DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
		    UnitTestImpl *unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}

		void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
		    const TestPartResult &result)
		{
			unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult(result);
			unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult(result);
		}

		DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
		    UnitTestImpl *unit_test) : unit_test_(unit_test) {}

		void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
		    const TestPartResult &result)
		{
			unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult(result);
		}

		// Returns the global test part result reporter.
		TestPartResultReporterInterface *
		UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()
		{
			internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
			return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
		}

		// Sets the global test part result reporter.
		void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
		    TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter)
		{
			internal::MutexLock lock(&global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_);
			global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
		}

		// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
		TestPartResultReporterInterface *
		UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()
		{
			return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
		}

		// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
		void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
		    TestPartResultReporterInterface *reporter)
		{
			per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set(reporter);
		}

		// Gets the number of successful test cases.
		int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const
		{
			return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCasePassed);
		}

		// Gets the number of failed test cases.
		int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const
		{
			return CountIf(test_cases_, TestCaseFailed);
		}

		// Gets the number of all test cases.
		int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const
		{
			return static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size());
		}

		// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
		// that should run.
		int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const
		{
			return CountIf(test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase);
		}

		// Gets the number of successful tests.
		int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of failed tests.
		int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
		int UnitTestImpl::reportable_disabled_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_,
			                           &TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of disabled tests.
		int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
		int UnitTestImpl::reportable_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::reportable_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of all tests.
		int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count);
		}

		// Gets the number of tests that should run.
		int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const
		{
			return SumOverTestCaseList(test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count);
		}

		// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
		//
		// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
		// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
		// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
		// count against the number of frames to be included.
		//
		// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
		// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
		// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
		std::string UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(int skip_count)
		{
			(void)skip_count;
			return "";
		}

		// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
		TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis()
		{
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
			// Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
			// http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
			const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
			    static_cast<TimeInMillis>(116444736UL) * 100000UL;
			const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;

			SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
			FILETIME now_filetime;
			ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
			// TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
			//   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
			GetSystemTime(&now_systime);
			if (SystemTimeToFileTime(&now_systime, &now_filetime))
			{
				now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
				now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
				now_int64.QuadPart = (now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond) -
				                     kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
				return now_int64.QuadPart;
			}
			return 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
			__timeb64 now;

# ifdef _MSC_VER

			// MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
			// (deprecated function) there.
			// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
			//   SystemTimeToFileTime()
#  pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
#  pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
			_ftime64(&now);
#  pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
# else

			_ftime64(&now);

# endif  // _MSC_VER

			return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.time) * 1000 + now.millitm;
#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
			struct timeval now;
			gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
			return static_cast<TimeInMillis>(now.tv_sec) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
#else
# error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
#endif
		}

		// Utilities

		// class String.

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
		// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
		// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
		// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
		// input is NULL.
		LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16(const char *ansi)
		{
			if (!ansi) return NULL;
			const int length = strlen(ansi);
			const int unicode_length =
			    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
			                        NULL, 0);
			WCHAR *unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
			MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
			                    unicode, unicode_length);
			unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
			return unicode;
		}

		// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
		// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
		// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
		// input is NULL.
		const char *String::Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str)
		{
			if (!utf16_str) return NULL;
			const int ansi_length =
			    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
			                        NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
			char *ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
			WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
			                    ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL);
			ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
			return ansi;
		}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

		// Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
		//
		// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
		// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
		// including the empty string.
		bool String::CStringEquals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs)
		{
			if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

			if (rhs == NULL) return false;

			return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
		}

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

		// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
		// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
		static void StreamWideCharsToMessage(const wchar_t *wstr, size_t length,
		                                     Message *msg)
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i != length;)     // NOLINT
			{
				if (wstr[i] != L'\0')
				{
					*msg << WideStringToUtf8(wstr + i, static_cast<int>(length - i));
					while (i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0')
						i++;
				}
				else
				{
					*msg << '\0';
					i++;
				}
			}
		}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

	}  // namespace internal

	// Constructs an empty Message.
	// We allocate the stringstream separately because otherwise each use of
	// ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
	// stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
	// the stack space.
	Message::Message() : ss_(new ::std::stringstream)
	{
		// By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
		// a double to a Message.
		*ss_ << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 2);
	}

	// These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
	// using the UTF-8 encoding.
	Message &Message::operator <<(const wchar_t *wide_c_str)
	{
		return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
	}
	Message &Message::operator <<(wchar_t *wide_c_str)
	{
		return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str);
	}

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
	Message &Message::operator <<(const ::std::wstring &wstr)
	{
		internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
		return *this;
	}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
	// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
	// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
	Message &Message::operator <<(const ::wstring &wstr)
	{
		internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage(wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this);
		return *this;
	}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

	// Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
	// Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
	std::string Message::GetString() const
	{
		return internal::StringStreamToString(ss_.get());
	}

	// AssertionResult constructors.
	// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
	AssertionResult::AssertionResult(const AssertionResult &other)
		: success_(other.success_),
		  message_(other.message_.get() != NULL ?
		           new ::std::string(*other.message_) :
		           static_cast<::std::string *>(NULL))
	{
	}

	// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
	AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const
	{
		AssertionResult negation(!success_);
		if (message_.get() != NULL)
			negation << *message_;
		return negation;
	}

	// Makes a successful assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionSuccess()
	{
		return AssertionResult(true);
	}

	// Makes a failed assertion result.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure()
	{
		return AssertionResult(false);
	}

	// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
	// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
	AssertionResult AssertionFailure(const Message &message)
	{
		return AssertionFailure() << message;
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
		// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
		//
		// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
		// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
		// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
		//
		//   expected_expression: "foo"
		//   actual_expression:   "bar"
		//   expected_value:      "5"
		//   actual_value:        "6"
		//
		// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
		// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
		// be inserted into the message.
		AssertionResult EqFailure(const char *expected_expression,
		                          const char *actual_expression,
		                          const std::string &expected_value,
		                          const std::string &actual_value,
		                          bool ignoring_case)
		{
			Message msg;
			msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;
			if (actual_value != actual_expression)
			{
				msg << "\n  Actual: " << actual_value;
			}

			msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;
			if (ignoring_case)
			{
				msg << " (ignoring case)";
			}
			if (expected_value != expected_expression)
			{
				msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
			}

			return AssertionFailure() << msg;
		}

		// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
		std::string GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage(
		    const AssertionResult &assertion_result,
		    const char *expression_text,
		    const char *actual_predicate_value,
		    const char *expected_predicate_value)
		{
			const char *actual_message = assertion_result.message();
			Message msg;
			msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
			    << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;
			if (actual_message[0] != '\0')
				msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
			msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
			return msg.GetString();
		}

		// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
		AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat(const char *expr1,
		                                     const char *expr2,
		                                     const char *abs_error_expr,
		                                     double val1,
		                                     double val2,
		                                     double abs_error)
		{
			const double diff = fabs(val1 - val2);
			if (diff <= abs_error) return AssertionSuccess();

			// TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
			// already a literal.
			return AssertionFailure()
			       << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
			       << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
			       << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
			       << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
			       << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
		}


		// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
		template <typename RawType>
		AssertionResult FloatingPointLE(const char *expr1,
		                                const char *expr2,
		                                RawType val1,
		                                RawType val2)
		{
			// Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
			if (val1 < val2)
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			// or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
			const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs(val1), rhs(val2);
			if (lhs.AlmostEquals(rhs))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			// Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
			// val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
			// any predicate involving a NaN must return false.

			::std::stringstream val1_ss;
			val1_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
			        << val1;

			::std::stringstream val2_ss;
			val2_ss << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2)
			        << val2;

			return AssertionFailure()
			       << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
			       << "  Actual: " << StringStreamToString(&val1_ss) << " vs "
			       << StringStreamToString(&val2_ss);
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
	// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult FloatLE(const char *expr1, const char *expr2,
	                        float val1, float val2)
	{
		return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}

	// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
	// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
	AssertionResult DoubleLE(const char *expr1, const char *expr2,
	                         double val1, double val2)
	{
		return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>(expr1, expr2, val1, val2);
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
		// arguments.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ(const char *expected_expression,
		                            const char *actual_expression,
		                            BiggestInt expected,
		                            BiggestInt actual)
		{
			if (expected == actual)
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			return EqFailure(expected_expression,
			                 actual_expression,
			                 FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(expected, actual),
			                 FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(actual, expected),
			                 false);
		}

		// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
		// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
		// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
	AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
	                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
		if (val1 op val2) {\
			return AssertionSuccess();\
		} else {\
			return AssertionFailure() \
			       << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
			       << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
			       << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
		}\
	}

		// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
		// enum arguments.
		GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(NE, !=)
		// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
		// enum arguments.
		GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LE, <=)
		// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
		// enum arguments.
		GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(LT, <)
		// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
		// enum arguments.
		GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GE, >=)
		// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
		// enum arguments.
		GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(GT, >)

#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_

		// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char *expected_expression,
		                               const char *actual_expression,
		                               const char *expected,
		                               const char *actual)
		{
			if (String::CStringEquals(expected, actual))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			return EqFailure(expected_expression,
			                 actual_expression,
			                 PrintToString(expected),
			                 PrintToString(actual),
			                 false);
		}

		// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ(const char *expected_expression,
		                                   const char *actual_expression,
		                                   const char *expected,
		                                   const char *actual)
		{
			if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(expected, actual))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			return EqFailure(expected_expression,
			                 actual_expression,
			                 PrintToString(expected),
			                 PrintToString(actual),
			                 true);
		}

		// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char *s1_expression,
		                               const char *s2_expression,
		                               const char *s1,
		                               const char *s2)
		{
			if (!String::CStringEquals(s1, s2))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}
			else
			{
				return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
				       << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
				       << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
			}
		}

		// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE(const char *s1_expression,
		                                   const char *s2_expression,
		                                   const char *s1,
		                                   const char *s2)
		{
			if (!String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(s1, s2))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}
			else
			{
				return AssertionFailure()
				       << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
				       << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
				       << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
			}
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	namespace
	{

		// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().

		// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
		// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
		// only.

		bool IsSubstringPred(const char *needle, const char *haystack)
		{
			if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
				return needle == haystack;

			return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
		}

		bool IsSubstringPred(const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack)
		{
			if (needle == NULL || haystack == NULL)
				return needle == haystack;

			return wcsstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
		}

		// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
		template <typename StringType>
		bool IsSubstringPred(const StringType &needle,
		                     const StringType &haystack)
		{
			return haystack.find(needle) != StringType::npos;
		}

		// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
		// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
		// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
		// or ::std::wstring.
		template <typename StringType>
		AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
		    bool expected_to_be_substring,
		    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
		    const StringType &needle, const StringType &haystack)
		{
			if (IsSubstringPred(needle, haystack) == expected_to_be_substring)
				return AssertionSuccess();

			const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(needle[0]) > 1;
			const char *const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
			return AssertionFailure()
			       << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
			       << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
			       << "Expected: " << (expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not ")
			       << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
			       << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"";
		}

	}  // namespace

	// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
	// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
	// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const char *needle, const char *haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const char *needle, const char *haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const wchar_t *needle, const wchar_t *haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::string &needle, const ::std::string &haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::string &needle, const ::std::string &haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
	AssertionResult IsSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::wstring &needle, const ::std::wstring &haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}

	AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
	    const char *needle_expr, const char *haystack_expr,
	    const ::std::wstring &needle, const ::std::wstring &haystack)
	{
		return IsSubstringImpl(false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack);
	}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

	namespace internal
	{

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

		namespace
		{

			// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
			AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper(const char *expr,
			                                     const char *expected,
			                                     long hr)    // NOLINT
			{
# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

				// Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
				const char error_text[] = "";

# else

				// Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
				// and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
				// want inserts expanded.
				const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
				                     FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
				const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;
				// Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
				char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
				DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA(kFlags,
				                                        0,  // no source, we're asking system
				                                        hr,  // the error
				                                        0,  // no line width restrictions
				                                        error_text,  // output buffer
				                                        kBufSize,  // buf size
				                                        NULL);  // no arguments for inserts
				// Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing CR-LF)
				for (; message_length && IsSpace(error_text[message_length - 1]);
				     --message_length)
				{
					error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
				}

# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

				const std::string error_hex("0x" + String::FormatHexInt(hr));
				return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
				       << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
				       << "  Actual: " << error_hex << " " << error_text << "\n";
			}

		}  // namespace

		AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess(const char *expr, long hr)    // NOLINT
		{
			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}
			return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "succeeds", hr);
		}

		AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure(const char *expr, long hr)    // NOLINT
		{
			if (FAILED(hr))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}
			return HRESULTFailureHelper(expr, "fails", hr);
		}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

		// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
		// UTF-8.

		// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
		// like this:
		//
		// Code-point length   Encoding
		//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
		//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
		//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
		//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

		// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
		const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) <<  7) - 1;

		// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
		const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (5 + 6)) - 1;

		// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
		const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (4 + 2 * 6)) - 1;

		// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
		const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = (static_cast<UInt32>(1) << (3 + 3 * 6)) - 1;

		// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
		// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
		// shifted to the right by n bits.
		inline UInt32 ChopLowBits(UInt32 *bits, int n)
		{
			const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ((static_cast<UInt32>(1) << n) - 1);
			*bits >>= n;
			return low_bits;
		}

		// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
		// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
		// wide enough to contain a code point.
		// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
		// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be converted
		// to "(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)".
		std::string CodePointToUtf8(UInt32 code_point)
		{
			if (code_point > kMaxCodePoint4)
			{
				return "(Invalid Unicode 0x" + String::FormatHexInt(code_point) + ")";
			}

			char str[5];  // Big enough for the largest valid code point.
			if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1)
			{
				str[1] = '\0';
				str[0] = static_cast<char>(code_point);                          // 0xxxxxxx
			}
			else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2)
			{
				str[2] = '\0';
				str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | code_point);                   // 110xxxxx
			}
			else if (code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3)
			{
				str[3] = '\0';
				str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | code_point);                   // 1110xxxx
			}
			else      // code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4
			{
				str[4] = '\0';
				str[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ChopLowBits(&code_point, 6));  // 10xxxxxx
				str[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | code_point);                   // 11110xxx
			}
			return str;
		}

		// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
		// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
		// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.

		// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
		// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
		// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
		inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first, wchar_t second)
		{
			return sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 &&
			       (first & 0xFC00) == 0xD800 && (second & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00;
		}

		// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
		inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(wchar_t first,
		                                                    wchar_t second)
		{
			const UInt32 mask = (1 << 10) - 1;
			return (sizeof(wchar_t) == 2) ?
			       (((first & mask) << 10) | (second & mask)) + 0x10000 :
			       // This function should not be called when the condition is
			       // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
			       static_cast<UInt32>(first);
		}

		// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
		// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
		//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
		//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
		// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
		// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
		// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
		// should be processed.
		// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
		// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
		// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
		// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
		// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
		std::string WideStringToUtf8(const wchar_t *str, int num_chars)
		{
			if (num_chars == -1)
				num_chars = static_cast<int>(wcslen(str));

			::std::stringstream stream;
			for (int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i)
			{
				UInt32 unicode_code_point;

				if (str[i] == L'\0')
				{
					break;
				}
				else if (i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i], str[i + 1]))
				{
					unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair(str[i],
					                                                           str[i + 1]);
					i++;
				}
				else
				{
					unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>(str[i]);
				}

				stream << CodePointToUtf8(unicode_code_point);
			}
			return StringStreamToString(&stream);
		}

		// Converts a wide C string to an std::string using the UTF-8 encoding.
		// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
		std::string String::ShowWideCString(const wchar_t *wide_c_str)
		{
			if (wide_c_str == NULL)  return "(null)";

			return internal::WideStringToUtf8(wide_c_str, -1);
		}

		// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
		// content.
		//
		// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
		// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
		// including the empty string.
		bool String::WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t *lhs, const wchar_t *rhs)
		{
			if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

			if (rhs == NULL) return false;

			return wcscmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
		}

		// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ(const char *expected_expression,
		                               const char *actual_expression,
		                               const wchar_t *expected,
		                               const wchar_t *actual)
		{
			if (String::WideCStringEquals(expected, actual))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			return EqFailure(expected_expression,
			                 actual_expression,
			                 PrintToString(expected),
			                 PrintToString(actual),
			                 false);
		}

		// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
		AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE(const char *s1_expression,
		                               const char *s2_expression,
		                               const wchar_t *s1,
		                               const wchar_t *s2)
		{
			if (!String::WideCStringEquals(s1, s2))
			{
				return AssertionSuccess();
			}

			return AssertionFailure() << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
			       << s2_expression << "), actual: "
			       << PrintToString(s1)
			       << " vs " << PrintToString(s2);
		}

		// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
		// the same content.
		//
		// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
		// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
		// including the empty string.
		bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs)
		{
			if (lhs == NULL)
				return rhs == NULL;
			if (rhs == NULL)
				return false;
			return posix::StrCaseCmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
		}

		// Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
		// have the same content.
		//
		// Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
		// A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
		// including the empty string.
		// NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
		// On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
		// environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
		// which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
		// On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
		// current locale.
		bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t *lhs,
		                                              const wchar_t *rhs)
		{
			if (lhs == NULL) return rhs == NULL;

			if (rhs == NULL) return false;

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			return _wcsicmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX && !GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
			return wcscasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0;
#else
			// Android, Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.
			// Other unknown OSes may not define it either.
			wint_t left, right;
			do
			{
				left = towlower(*lhs++);
				right = towlower(*rhs++);
			}
			while (left && left == right);
			return left == right;
#endif  // OS selector
		}

		// Returns true iff str ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
		// Any string is considered to end with an empty suffix.
		bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive(
		    const std::string &str, const std::string &suffix)
		{
			const size_t str_len = str.length();
			const size_t suffix_len = suffix.length();
			return (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
			       CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(str.c_str() + str_len - suffix_len,
			                                    suffix.c_str());
		}

		// Formats an int value as "%02d".
		std::string String::FormatIntWidth2(int value)
		{
			std::stringstream ss;
			ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << value;
			return ss.str();
		}

		// Formats an int value as "%X".
		std::string String::FormatHexInt(int value)
		{
			std::stringstream ss;
			ss << std::hex << std::uppercase << value;
			return ss.str();
		}

		// Formats a byte as "%02X".
		std::string String::FormatByte(unsigned char value)
		{
			std::stringstream ss;
			ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase
			   << static_cast<unsigned int>(value);
			return ss.str();
		}

		// Converts the buffer in a stringstream to an std::string, converting NUL
		// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
		std::string StringStreamToString(::std::stringstream *ss)
		{
			const ::std::string &str = ss->str();
			const char *const start = str.c_str();
			const char *const end = start + str.length();

			std::string result;
			result.reserve(2 * (end - start));
			for (const char *ch = start; ch != end; ++ch)
			{
				if (*ch == '\0')
				{
					result += "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
				}
				else
				{
					result += *ch;
				}
			}

			return result;
		}

		// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
		std::string AppendUserMessage(const std::string &gtest_msg,
		                              const Message &user_msg)
		{
			// Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
			const std::string user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();
			if (user_msg_string.empty())
			{
				return gtest_msg;
			}

			return gtest_msg + "\n" + user_msg_string;
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// class TestResult

	// Creates an empty TestResult.
	TestResult::TestResult()
		: death_test_count_(0),
		  elapsed_time_(0)
	{
	}

	// D'tor.
	TestResult::~TestResult()
	{
	}

	// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
	// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
	// aborts the program.
	const TestPartResult &TestResult::GetTestPartResult(int i) const
	{
		if (i < 0 || i >= total_part_count())
			internal::posix::Abort();
		return test_part_results_.at(i);
	}

	// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
	// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
	// program.
	const TestProperty &TestResult::GetTestProperty(int i) const
	{
		if (i < 0 || i >= test_property_count())
			internal::posix::Abort();
		return test_properties_.at(i);
	}

	// Clears the test part results.
	void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults()
	{
		test_part_results_.clear();
	}

	// Adds a test part result to the list.
	void TestResult::AddTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &test_part_result)
	{
		test_part_results_.push_back(test_part_result);
	}

	// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
	// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
	// replaces the old value for that key.
	void TestResult::RecordProperty(const std::string &xml_element,
	                                const TestProperty &test_property)
	{
		if (!ValidateTestProperty(xml_element, test_property))
		{
			return;
		}
		internal::MutexLock lock(&test_properites_mutex_);
		const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
		    std::find_if(test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
		                 internal::TestPropertyKeyIs(test_property.key()));
		if (property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end())
		{
			test_properties_.push_back(test_property);
			return;
		}
		property_with_matching_key->SetValue(test_property.value());
	}

	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuites> element of XML
	// output.
	static const char *const kReservedTestSuitesAttributes[] =
	{
		"disabled",
		"errors",
		"failures",
		"name",
		"random_seed",
		"tests",
		"time",
		"timestamp"
	};

	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testsuite> element of XML
	// output.
	static const char *const kReservedTestSuiteAttributes[] =
	{
		"disabled",
		"errors",
		"failures",
		"name",
		"tests",
		"time"
	};

	// The list of reserved attributes used in the <testcase> element of XML output.
	static const char *const kReservedTestCaseAttributes[] =
	{
		"classname",
		"name",
		"status",
		"time",
		"type_param",
		"value_param"
	};

	template <int kSize>
	std::vector<std::string> ArrayAsVector(const char *const(&array)[kSize])
	{
		return std::vector<std::string>(array, array + kSize);
	}

	static std::vector<std::string> GetReservedAttributesForElement(
	    const std::string &xml_element)
	{
		if (xml_element == "testsuites")
		{
			return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuitesAttributes);
		}
		else if (xml_element == "testsuite")
		{
			return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestSuiteAttributes);
		}
		else if (xml_element == "testcase")
		{
			return ArrayAsVector(kReservedTestCaseAttributes);
		}
		else
		{
			GTEST_CHECK_(false) << "Unrecognized xml_element provided: " << xml_element;
		}
		// This code is unreachable but some compilers may not realizes that.
		return std::vector<std::string>();
	}

	static std::string FormatWordList(const std::vector<std::string> &words)
	{
		Message word_list;
		for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i)
		{
			if (i > 0 && words.size() > 2)
			{
				word_list << ", ";
			}
			if (i == words.size() - 1)
			{
				word_list << "and ";
			}
			word_list << "'" << words[i] << "'";
		}
		return word_list.GetString();
	}

	bool ValidateTestPropertyName(const std::string &property_name,
	                              const std::vector<std::string> &reserved_names)
	{
		if (std::find(reserved_names.begin(), reserved_names.end(), property_name) !=
		    reserved_names.end())
		{
			ADD_FAILURE() << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): " << property_name
			              << " (" << FormatWordList(reserved_names)
			              << " are reserved by " << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of the element named
	// xml_element.  Returns true if the property is valid.
	bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty(const std::string &xml_element,
	                                      const TestProperty &test_property)
	{
		return ValidateTestPropertyName(test_property.key(),
		                                GetReservedAttributesForElement(xml_element));
	}

	// Clears the object.
	void TestResult::Clear()
	{
		test_part_results_.clear();
		test_properties_.clear();
		death_test_count_ = 0;
		elapsed_time_ = 0;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test failed.
	bool TestResult::Failed() const
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i)
		{
			if (GetTestPartResult(i).failed())
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartFatallyFailed(const TestPartResult &result)
	{
		return result.fatally_failed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
	bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed) > 0;
	}

	// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
	static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed(const TestPartResult &result)
	{
		return result.nonfatally_failed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed) > 0;
	}

	// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
	// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
	int TestResult::total_part_count() const
	{
		return static_cast<int>(test_part_results_.size());
	}

	// Returns the number of the test properties.
	int TestResult::test_property_count() const
	{
		return static_cast<int>(test_properties_.size());
	}

	// class Test

	// Creates a Test object.

	// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
	Test::Test()
		: gtest_flag_saver_(new internal::GTestFlagSaver)
	{
	}

	// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
	Test::~Test()
	{
		delete gtest_flag_saver_;
	}

	// Sets up the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::SetUp()
	{
	}

	// Tears down the test fixture.
	//
	// A sub-class may override this.
	void Test::TearDown()
	{
	}

	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string &key, const std::string &value)
	{
		UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordProperty(key, value);
	}

	// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
	void Test::RecordProperty(const std::string &key, int value)
	{
		Message value_message;
		value_message << value;
		RecordProperty(key, value_message.GetString().c_str());
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::Type result_type,
		                                    const std::string &message)
		{
			// This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
			// AddTestPartResult.
			UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
			    result_type,
			    NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
			    -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
			    message,
			    "");   // No stack trace, either.
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
	// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
	// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
	// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
	// returns false.
	bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass()
	{
		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		const TestCase *const test_case = impl->current_test_case();

		// Info about the first test in the current test case.
		const TestInfo *const first_test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[0];
		const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
		const char *const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();

		// Info about the current test.
		const TestInfo *const this_test_info = impl->current_test_info();
		const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id_;
		const char *const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();

		if (this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id)
		{
			// Is the first test defined using TEST?
			const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
			// Is this test defined using TEST?
			const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();

			if (first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST)
			{
				// The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
				// him/her how to fix it.

				// Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
				// that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
				// the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
				const char *const TEST_name =
				    first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
				const char *const TEST_F_name =
				    first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;

				ADD_FAILURE()
				        << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
				        << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
				        << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
				        << ",\n"
				        << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
				        << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
				        << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
				        << "case.";
			}
			else
			{
				// The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
				// two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
				ADD_FAILURE()
				        << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
				        << "class.  However, in test case "
				        << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
				        << "you defined test " << first_test_name
				        << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
				        << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
				        << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
				        << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
				        << "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
			}
			return false;
		}

		return true;
	}

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH

	// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.  This
	// function returns its result via an output parameter pointer because VC++
	// prohibits creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions
	// using __try (see error C2712).
	static std::string *FormatSehExceptionMessage(DWORD exception_code,
	                                              const char *location)
	{
		Message message;
		message << "SEH exception with code 0x" << std::setbase(16) <<
		        exception_code << std::setbase(10) << " thrown in " << location << ".";

		return new std::string(message.GetString());
	}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

	namespace internal
	{

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

		// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
		static std::string FormatCxxExceptionMessage(const char *description,
		                                             const char *location)
		{
			Message message;
			if (description != NULL)
			{
				message << "C++ exception with description \"" << description << "\"";
			}
			else
			{
				message << "Unknown C++ exception";
			}
			message << " thrown in " << location << ".";

			return message.GetString();
		}

		static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
		    const TestPartResult &test_part_result);

		GoogleTestFailureException::GoogleTestFailureException(
		    const TestPartResult &failure)
			: ::std::runtime_error(PrintTestPartResultToString(failure).c_str()) {}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

		// We put these helper functions in the internal namespace as IBM's xlC
		// compiler rejects the code if they were declared static.

		// Runs the given method and handles SEH exceptions it throws, when
		// SEH is supported; returns the 0-value for type Result in case of an
		// SEH exception.  (Microsoft compilers cannot handle SEH and C++
		// exceptions in the same function.  Therefore, we provide a separate
		// wrapper function for handling SEH exceptions.)
		template <class T, typename Result>
		Result HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    T *object, Result(T::*method)(), const char *location)
		{
#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
			__try
			{
				return (object->*method)();
			}
			__except (internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(    // NOLINT
			              GetExceptionCode()))
			{
				// We create the exception message on the heap because VC++ prohibits
				// creation of objects with destructors on stack in functions using __try
				// (see error C2712).
				std::string *exception_message = FormatSehExceptionMessage(
				                                     GetExceptionCode(), location);
				internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
				                                         *exception_message);
				delete exception_message;
				return static_cast<Result>(0);
			}
#else
			(void)location;
			return (object->*method)();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
		}

		// Runs the given method and catches and reports C++ and/or SEH-style
		// exceptions, if they are supported; returns the 0-value for type
		// Result in case of an SEH exception.
		template <class T, typename Result>
		Result HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    T *object, Result(T::*method)(), const char *location)
		{
			// NOTE: The user code can affect the way in which Google Test handles
			// exceptions by setting GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions), but only before
			// RUN_ALL_TESTS() starts. It is technically possible to check the flag
			// after the exception is caught and either report or re-throw the
			// exception based on the flag's value:
			//
			// try {
			//   // Perform the test method.
			// } catch (...) {
			//   if (GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions))
			//     // Report the exception as failure.
			//   else
			//     throw;  // Re-throws the original exception.
			// }
			//
			// However, the purpose of this flag is to allow the program to drop into
			// the debugger when the exception is thrown. On most platforms, once the
			// control enters the catch block, the exception origin information is
			// lost and the debugger will stop the program at the point of the
			// re-throw in this function -- instead of at the point of the original
			// throw statement in the code under test.  For this reason, we perform
			// the check early, sacrificing the ability to affect Google Test's
			// exception handling in the method where the exception is thrown.
			if (internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->catch_exceptions())
			{
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
				try
				{
					return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
				}
				catch (const internal::GoogleTestFailureException &)     // NOLINT
				{
					// This exception type can only be thrown by a failed Google
					// Test assertion with the intention of letting another testing
					// framework catch it.  Therefore we just re-throw it.
					throw;
				}
				catch (const std::exception &e)      // NOLINT
				{
					internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
					    TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
					    FormatCxxExceptionMessage(e.what(), location));
				}
				catch (...)      // NOLINT
				{
					internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation(
					    TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
					    FormatCxxExceptionMessage(NULL, location));
				}
				return static_cast<Result>(0);
#else
				return HandleSehExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(object, method, location);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
			}
			else
			{
				return (object->*method)();
			}
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// Runs the test and updates the test result.
	void Test::Run()
	{
		if (!HasSameFixtureClass()) return;

		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
		internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(this, &Test::SetUp, "SetUp()");
		// We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
		if (!HasFatalFailure())
		{
			impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
			internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
			    this, &Test::TestBody, "the test body");
		}

		// However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
		// always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
		// failed.
		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
		internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    this, &Test::TearDown, "TearDown()");
	}

	// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasFatalFailure()
	{
		return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
	}

	// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
	bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure()
	{
		return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
		       HasNonfatalFailure();
	}

	// class TestInfo

	// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
	// object.
	TestInfo::TestInfo(const std::string &a_test_case_name,
	                   const std::string &a_name,
	                   const char *a_type_param,
	                   const char *a_value_param,
	                   internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
	                   internal::TestFactoryBase *factory)
		: test_case_name_(a_test_case_name),
		  name_(a_name),
		  type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
		  value_param_(a_value_param ? new std::string(a_value_param) : NULL),
		  fixture_class_id_(fixture_class_id),
		  should_run_(false),
		  is_disabled_(false),
		  matches_filter_(false),
		  factory_(factory),
		  result_() {}

	// Destructs a TestInfo object.
	TestInfo::~TestInfo()
	{
		delete factory_;
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
		// returns the created object.
		//
		// Arguments:
		//
		//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
		//   name:             name of the test
		//   type_param:       the name of the test's type parameter, or NULL if
		//                     this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test.
		//   value_param:      text representation of the test's value parameter,
		//                     or NULL if this is not a value-parameterized test.
		//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
		//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
		//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
		//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
		//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
		//                     ownership of the factory object.
		TestInfo *MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
		    const char *test_case_name,
		    const char *name,
		    const char *type_param,
		    const char *value_param,
		    TypeId fixture_class_id,
		    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
		    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
		    TestFactoryBase *factory)
		{
			TestInfo *const test_info =
			    new TestInfo(test_case_name, name, type_param, value_param,
			                 fixture_class_id, factory);
			GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo(set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info);
			return test_info;
		}

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
		void ReportInvalidTestCaseType(const char *test_case_name,
		                               const char *file, int line)
		{
			Message errors;
			errors
			        << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
			        << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
			        << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
			        << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
			        << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
			        << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
			        << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
			        << "test cases.";

			fprintf(stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str(),
			        errors.GetString().c_str());
		}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

	}  // namespace internal

	namespace
	{

		// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
		// value.
		//
		// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only.  We put
		// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
		// namespace.
		//
		// TestNameIs is copyable.
		class TestNameIs
		{
		public:
			// Constructor.
			//
			// TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
			explicit TestNameIs(const char *name)
				: name_(name) {}

			// Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
			bool operator()(const TestInfo *test_info) const
			{
				return test_info && test_info->name() == name_;
			}

		private:
			std::string name_;
		};

	}  // namespace

	namespace internal
	{

		// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
		// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
		// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
		void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests()
		{
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
			if (!parameterized_tests_registered_)
			{
				parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
				parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
			}
#endif
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
	// deletes it.
	void TestInfo::Run()
	{
		if (!should_run_) return;

		// Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		impl->set_current_test_info(this);

		TestEventListener *repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

		// Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
		repeater->OnTestStart(*this);

		const TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();

		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

		// Creates the test object.
		Test *const test = internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		                       factory_, &internal::TestFactoryBase::CreateTest,
		                       "the test fixture's constructor");

		// Runs the test only if the test object was created and its
		// constructor didn't generate a fatal failure.
		if ((test != NULL) && !Test::HasFatalFailure())
		{
			// This doesn't throw as all user code that can throw are wrapped into
			// exception handling code.
			test->Run();
		}

		// Deletes the test object.
		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
		internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    test, &Test::DeleteSelf_, "the test fixture's destructor");

		result_.set_elapsed_time(internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start);

		// Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
		repeater->OnTestEnd(*this);

		// Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
		// test.
		impl->set_current_test_info(NULL);
	}

	// class TestCase

	// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
	int TestCase::successful_test_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestPassed);
	}

	// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
	int TestCase::failed_test_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestFailed);
	}

	// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
	int TestCase::reportable_disabled_test_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportableDisabled);
	}

	// Gets the number of disabled tests in this test case.
	int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestDisabled);
	}

	// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
	int TestCase::reportable_test_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, TestReportable);
	}

	// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
	int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const
	{
		return CountIf(test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest);
	}

	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int TestCase::total_test_count() const
	{
		return static_cast<int>(test_info_list_.size());
	}

	// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
	//
	// Arguments:
	//
	//   name:         name of the test case
	//   a_type_param: the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
	//                 this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
	//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
	//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
	TestCase::TestCase(const char *a_name, const char *a_type_param,
	                   Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
	                   Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
		: name_(a_name),
		  type_param_(a_type_param ? new std::string(a_type_param) : NULL),
		  set_up_tc_(set_up_tc),
		  tear_down_tc_(tear_down_tc),
		  should_run_(false),
		  elapsed_time_(0)
	{
	}

	// Destructor of TestCase.
	TestCase::~TestCase()
	{
		// Deletes every Test in the collection.
		ForEach(test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo>);
	}

	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestInfo *TestCase::GetTestInfo(int i) const
	{
		const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
		return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
	}

	// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestInfo *TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo(int i)
	{
		const int index = GetElementOr(test_indices_, i, -1);
		return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
	}

	// Adds a test to this test case.  Will delete the test upon
	// destruction of the TestCase object.
	void TestCase::AddTestInfo(TestInfo *test_info)
	{
		test_info_list_.push_back(test_info);
		test_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_indices_.size()));
	}

	// Runs every test in this TestCase.
	void TestCase::Run()
	{
		if (!should_run_) return;

		internal::UnitTestImpl *const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
		impl->set_current_test_case(this);

		TestEventListener *repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();

		repeater->OnTestCaseStart(*this);
		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
		internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    this, &TestCase::RunSetUpTestCase, "SetUpTestCase()");

		const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();
		for (int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++)
		{
			GetMutableTestInfo(i)->Run();
		}
		elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;

		impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
		internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		    this, &TestCase::RunTearDownTestCase, "TearDownTestCase()");

		repeater->OnTestCaseEnd(*this);
		impl->set_current_test_case(NULL);
	}

	// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
	void TestCase::ClearResult()
	{
		ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
		ForEach(test_info_list_, TestInfo::ClearTestResult);
	}

	// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
	void TestCase::ShuffleTests(internal::Random *random)
	{
		Shuffle(random, &test_indices_);
	}

	// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
	void TestCase::UnshuffleTests()
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++)
		{
			test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
		}
	}

	// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
	// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
	//
	// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
	// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
	static std::string FormatCountableNoun(int count,
	                                       const char *singular_form,
	                                       const char *plural_form)
	{
		return internal::StreamableToString(count) + " " +
		       (count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form);
	}

	// Formats the count of tests.
	static std::string FormatTestCount(int test_count)
	{
		return FormatCountableNoun(test_count, "test", "tests");
	}

	// Formats the count of test cases.
	static std::string FormatTestCaseCount(int test_case_count)
	{
		return FormatCountableNoun(test_case_count, "test case", "test cases");
	}

	// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
	// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
	// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
	// between the two when viewing the test result.
	static const char *TestPartResultTypeToString(TestPartResult::Type type)
	{
		switch (type)
		{
		case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
			return "Success";

		case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
		case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
			return "error: ";
#else
			return "Failure\n";
#endif
		default:
			return "Unknown result type";
		}
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		// Prints a TestPartResult to an std::string.
		static std::string PrintTestPartResultToString(
		    const TestPartResult &test_part_result)
		{
			return (Message()
			        << internal::FormatFileLocation(test_part_result.file_name(),
			                                        test_part_result.line_number())
			        << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString(test_part_result.type())
			        << test_part_result.message()).GetString();
		}

		// Prints a TestPartResult.
		static void PrintTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &test_part_result)
		{
			const std::string &result =
			    PrintTestPartResultToString(test_part_result);
			printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
			fflush(stdout);
			// If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
			// following statements add the test part result message to the Output
			// window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
			// corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			// We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
			// to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
			// want the same message printed twice.
			::OutputDebugStringA(result.c_str());
			::OutputDebugStringA("\n");
#endif
		}

		// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

		enum GTestColor
		{
			COLOR_DEFAULT,
			COLOR_RED,
			COLOR_GREEN,
			COLOR_YELLOW
		};

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

		// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
		WORD GetColorAttribute(GTestColor color)
		{
			switch (color)
			{
			case COLOR_RED:
				return FOREGROUND_RED;
			case COLOR_GREEN:
				return FOREGROUND_GREEN;
			case COLOR_YELLOW:
				return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;
			default:
				return 0;
			}
		}

#else

		// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
		// an invalid input.
		const char *GetAnsiColorCode(GTestColor color)
		{
			switch (color)
			{
			case COLOR_RED:
				return "1";
			case COLOR_GREEN:
				return "2";
			case COLOR_YELLOW:
				return "3";
			default:
				return NULL;
			};
		}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

		// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
		bool ShouldUseColor(bool stdout_is_tty)
		{
			const char *const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str();

			if (String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "auto"))
			{
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
				// On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
				// console there does support colors.
				return stdout_is_tty;
#else
				// On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
				const char *const term = posix::GetEnv("TERM");
				const bool term_supports_color =
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-color") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "xterm-256color") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "screen") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "screen-256color") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "linux") ||
				    String::CStringEquals(term, "cygwin");
				return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			}

			return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "yes") ||
			       String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "true") ||
			       String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(gtest_color, "t") ||
			       String::CStringEquals(gtest_color, "1");
			// We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
			// value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
			// be conservative.
		}

		// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
		// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
		// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
		// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
		void ColoredPrintf(GTestColor color, const char *fmt, ...)
		{
			va_list args;
			va_start(args, fmt);

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS || GTEST_OS_IOS
			const bool use_color = false;
#else
			static const bool in_color_mode =
			    ShouldUseColor(posix::IsATTY(posix::FileNo(stdout)) != 0);
			const bool use_color = in_color_mode && (color != COLOR_DEFAULT);
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
			// The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.

			if (!use_color)
			{
				vprintf(fmt, args);
				va_end(args);
				return;
			}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

			// Gets the current text color.
			CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
			GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(stdout_handle, &buffer_info);
			const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;

			// We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
			// SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
			// printed but has not yet reached the console.
			fflush(stdout);
			SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle,
			                        GetColorAttribute(color) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
			vprintf(fmt, args);

			fflush(stdout);
			// Restores the text color.
			SetConsoleTextAttribute(stdout_handle, old_color_attrs);
#else
			printf("\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode(color));
			vprintf(fmt, args);
			printf("\033[m");  // Resets the terminal to default.
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			va_end(args);
		}

		// Text printed in Google Test's text output and --gunit_list_tests
		// output to label the type parameter and value parameter for a test.
		static const char kTypeParamLabel[] = "TypeParam";
		static const char kValueParamLabel[] = "GetParam()";

		void PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(const TestInfo &test_info)
		{
			const char *const type_param = test_info.type_param();
			const char *const value_param = test_info.value_param();

			if (type_param != NULL || value_param != NULL)
			{
				printf(", where ");
				if (type_param != NULL)
				{
					printf("%s = %s", kTypeParamLabel, type_param);
					if (value_param != NULL)
						printf(" and ");
				}
				if (value_param != NULL)
				{
					printf("%s = %s", kValueParamLabel, value_param);
				}
			}
		}

		// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
		//
		// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
		class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener
		{
		public:
			PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
			static void PrintTestName(const char *test_case, const char *test)
			{
				printf("%s.%s", test_case, test);
			}

			// The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
			virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {}
			virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {}
			virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case);
			virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info);
			virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);
			virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info);
			virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {}
			virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);
			virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/) {}

		private:
			static void PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest &unit_test);
		};

		// Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
		    const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration)
		{
			if (GTEST_FLAG(repeat) != 1)
				printf("\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1);

			const char *const filter = GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str();

			// Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
			// tests may be skipped.
			if (!String::CStringEquals(filter, kUniversalFilter))
			{
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
				              "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter);
			}

			if (internal::ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false))
			{
				const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1);
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
				              "Note: This is test shard %d of %s.\n",
				              static_cast<int>(shard_index) + 1,
				              internal::posix::GetEnv(kTestTotalShards));
			}

			if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle))
			{
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
				              "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
				              unit_test.random_seed());
			}

			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
			printf("Running %s from %s.\n",
			       FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
			       FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
		    const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/)
		{
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
			printf("Global test environment set-up.\n");
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case)
		{
			const std::string counts =
			    FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
			printf("%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case.name());
			if (test_case.type_param() == NULL)
			{
				printf("\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf(", where %s = %s\n", kTypeParamLabel, test_case.type_param());
			}
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info)
		{
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] ");
			PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
			printf("\n");
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		// Called after an assertion failure.
		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
		    const TestPartResult &result)
		{
			// If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
			if (result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess)
				return;

			// Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
			PrintTestPartResult(result);
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info)
		{
			if (test_info.result()->Passed())
			{
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] ");
			}
			else
			{
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
			}
			PrintTestName(test_info.test_case_name(), test_info.name());
			if (test_info.result()->Failed())
				PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);

			if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time))
			{
				printf(" (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
				           test_info.result()->elapsed_time()).c_str());
			}
			else
			{
				printf("\n");
			}
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case)
		{
			if (!GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) return;

			const std::string counts =
			    FormatCountableNoun(test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests");
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] ");
			printf("%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
			       counts.c_str(), test_case.name(),
			       internal::StreamableToString(test_case.elapsed_time()).c_str());
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
		    const UnitTest & /*unit_test*/)
		{
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] ");
			printf("Global test environment tear-down\n");
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests(const UnitTest &unit_test)
		{
			const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
			if (failed_test_count == 0)
			{
				return;
			}

			for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
			{
				const TestCase &test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase(i);
				if (!test_case.should_run() || (test_case.failed_test_count() == 0))
				{
					continue;
				}
				for (int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j)
				{
					const TestInfo &test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo(j);
					if (!test_info.should_run() || test_info.result()->Passed())
					{
						continue;
					}
					ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] ");
					printf("%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name());
					PrintFullTestCommentIfPresent(test_info);
					printf("\n");
				}
			}
		}

		void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
		                                                     int /*iteration*/)
		{
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] ");
			printf("%s from %s ran.",
			       FormatTestCount(unit_test.test_to_run_count()).c_str(),
			       FormatTestCaseCount(unit_test.test_case_to_run_count()).c_str());
			if (GTEST_FLAG(print_time))
			{
				printf(" (%s ms total)",
				       internal::StreamableToString(unit_test.elapsed_time()).c_str());
			}
			printf("\n");
			ColoredPrintf(COLOR_GREEN,  "[  PASSED  ] ");
			printf("%s.\n", FormatTestCount(unit_test.successful_test_count()).c_str());

			int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();
			if (!unit_test.Passed())
			{
				const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] ");
				printf("%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount(failed_test_count).c_str());
				PrintFailedTests(unit_test);
				printf("\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
				       num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
			}

			int num_disabled = unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count();
			if (num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests))
			{
				if (!num_failures)
				{
					printf("\n");  // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
				}
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_YELLOW,
				              "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
				              num_disabled,
				              num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS");
			}
			// Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

		// class TestEventRepeater
		//
		// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
		class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener
		{
		public:
			TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_(true) {}
			virtual ~TestEventRepeater();
			void Append(TestEventListener *listener);
			TestEventListener *Release(TestEventListener *listener);

			// Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
			// in death test child processes.
			bool forwarding_enabled() const
			{
				return forwarding_enabled_;
			}
			void set_forwarding_enabled(bool enable)
			{
				forwarding_enabled_ = enable;
			}

			virtual void OnTestProgramStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnTestCaseStart(const TestCase &test_case);
			virtual void OnTestStart(const TestInfo &test_info);
			virtual void OnTestPartResult(const TestPartResult &result);
			virtual void OnTestEnd(const TestInfo &test_info);
			virtual void OnTestCaseEnd(const TestCase &test_case);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);
			virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);
			virtual void OnTestProgramEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test);

		private:
			// Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
			// in death test child processes.
			bool forwarding_enabled_;
			// The list of listeners that receive events.
			std::vector<TestEventListener *> listeners_;

			GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(TestEventRepeater);
		};

		TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater()
		{
			ForEach(listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener>);
		}

		void TestEventRepeater::Append(TestEventListener *listener)
		{
			listeners_.push_back(listener);
		}

		// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
		TestEventListener *TestEventRepeater::Release(TestEventListener *listener)
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i)
			{
				if (listeners_[i] == listener)
				{
					listeners_.erase(listeners_.begin() + i);
					return listener;
				}
			}

			return NULL;
		}

		// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
		// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
	void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
		if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
			for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
				listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
			} \
		} \
	}
		// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
		// order.
#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
	void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
		if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
			for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
				listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
			} \
		} \
	}

		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest)
		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest)
		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseStart, TestCase)
		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestStart, TestInfo)
		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult)
		GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest)
		GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest)
		GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest)
		GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestEnd, TestInfo)
		GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase)
		GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest)

#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_

		void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart(const UnitTest &unit_test,
		                                             int iteration)
		{
			if (forwarding_enabled_)
			{
				for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++)
				{
					listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart(unit_test, iteration);
				}
			}
		}

		void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
		                                           int iteration)
		{
			if (forwarding_enabled_)
			{
				for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
				{
					listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd(unit_test, iteration);
				}
			}
		}

		// End TestEventRepeater

		// This class generates an XML output file.
		class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener
		{
		public:
			explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char *output_file);

			virtual void OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test, int iteration);

		private:
			// Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
			// when it appears in an XML attribute value?
			static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace(char c)
			{
				return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
			}

			// May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
			static bool IsValidXmlCharacter(char c)
			{
				return IsNormalizableWhitespace(c) || c >= 0x20;
			}

			// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
			// is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
			// value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
			// with character references.
			static std::string EscapeXml(const std::string &str, bool is_attribute);

			// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
			static std::string RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(const std::string &str);

			// Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
			static std::string EscapeXmlAttribute(const std::string &str)
			{
				return EscapeXml(str, true);
			}

			// Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
			static std::string EscapeXmlText(const char *str)
			{
				return EscapeXml(str, false);
			}

			// Verifies that the given attribute belongs to the given element and
			// streams the attribute as XML.
			static void OutputXmlAttribute(std::ostream *stream,
			                               const std::string &element_name,
			                               const std::string &name,
			                               const std::string &value);

			// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
			static void OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream *stream, const char *data);

			// Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
			static void OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream *stream,
			                              const char *test_case_name,
			                              const TestInfo &test_info);

			// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
			static void PrintXmlTestCase(::std::ostream *stream,
			                             const TestCase &test_case);

			// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
			static void PrintXmlUnitTest(::std::ostream *stream,
			                             const UnitTest &unit_test);

			// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
			// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
			// When the std::string is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
			// to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
			static std::string TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(const TestResult &result);

			// The output file.
			const std::string output_file_;

			GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(XmlUnitTestResultPrinter);
		};

		// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
		XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(const char *output_file)
			: output_file_(output_file)
		{
			if (output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty())
			{
				fprintf(stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n");
				fflush(stderr);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
		}

		// Called after the unit test ends.
		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd(const UnitTest &unit_test,
		                                                  int /*iteration*/)
		{
			FILE *xmlout = NULL;
			FilePath output_file(output_file_);
			FilePath output_dir(output_file.RemoveFileName());

			if (output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively())
			{
				xmlout = posix::FOpen(output_file_.c_str(), "w");
			}
			if (xmlout == NULL)
			{
				// TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
				//
				// We don't do it for now as:
				//
				//   1. There is no urgent need for it.
				//   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
				//      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
				fprintf(stderr,
				        "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
				        output_file_.c_str());
				fflush(stderr);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			std::stringstream stream;
			PrintXmlUnitTest(&stream, unit_test);
			fprintf(xmlout, "%s", StringStreamToString(&stream).c_str());
			fclose(xmlout);
		}

		// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
		// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
		// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
		// references.
		//
		// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
		// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
		// module will consist of ordinary English text.
		// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
		// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
		// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
		// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
		std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml(
		    const std::string &str, bool is_attribute)
		{
			Message m;

			for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i)
			{
				const char ch = str[i];
				switch (ch)
				{
				case '<':
					m << "&lt;";
					break;
				case '>':
					m << "&gt;";
					break;
				case '&':
					m << "&amp;";
					break;
				case '\'':
					if (is_attribute)
						m << "&apos;";
					else
						m << '\'';
					break;
				case '"':
					if (is_attribute)
						m << "&quot;";
					else
						m << '"';
					break;
				default:
					if (IsValidXmlCharacter(ch))
					{
						if (is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace(ch))
							m << "&#x" << String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch))
							  << ";";
						else
							m << ch;
					}
					break;
				}
			}

			return m.GetString();
		}

		// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
		// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
		// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
		std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(
		    const std::string &str)
		{
			std::string output;
			output.reserve(str.size());
			for (std::string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it)
				if (IsValidXmlCharacter(*it))
					output.push_back(*it);

			return output;
		}

		// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
		// object.
		//
		// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
		//
		// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
		//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
		//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
		//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
		//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
		//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
		//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
		//     </testcase>
		//   </testsuite>
		// </testsuites>

		// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
		std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(TimeInMillis ms)
		{
			::std::stringstream ss;
			ss << ms / 1000.0;
			return ss.str();
		}

		// Converts the given epoch time in milliseconds to a date string in the ISO
		// 8601 format, without the timezone information.
		std::string FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(TimeInMillis ms)
		{
			// Using non-reentrant version as localtime_r is not portable.
			time_t seconds = static_cast<time_t>(ms / 1000);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
# pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996
			// (function or variable may be unsafe).
			const struct tm *const time_struct = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
# pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state again.
#else
			const struct tm *const time_struct = localtime(&seconds);  // NOLINT
#endif
			if (time_struct == NULL)
				return "";  // Invalid ms value

			// YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
			return StreamableToString(time_struct->tm_year + 1900) + "-" +
			       String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_mon + 1) + "-" +
			       String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_mday) + "T" +
			       String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_hour) + ":" +
			       String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_min) + ":" +
			       String::FormatIntWidth2(time_struct->tm_sec);
		}

		// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection(::std::ostream *stream,
		                                                     const char *data)
		{
			const char *segment = data;
			*stream << "<![CDATA[";
			for (;;)
			{
				const char *const next_segment = strstr(segment, "]]>");
				if (next_segment != NULL)
				{
					stream->write(
					    segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>(next_segment - segment));
					*stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
					segment = next_segment + strlen("]]>");
				}
				else
				{
					*stream << segment;
					break;
				}
			}
			*stream << "]]>";
		}

		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlAttribute(
		    std::ostream *stream,
		    const std::string &element_name,
		    const std::string &name,
		    const std::string &value)
		{
			const std::vector<std::string> &allowed_names =
			    GetReservedAttributesForElement(element_name);

			GTEST_CHECK_(std::find(allowed_names.begin(), allowed_names.end(), name) !=
			             allowed_names.end())
			        << "Attribute " << name << " is not allowed for element <" << element_name
			        << ">.";

			*stream << " " << name << "=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(value) << "\"";
		}

		// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
		// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo(::std::ostream *stream,
		                                                 const char *test_case_name,
		                                                 const TestInfo &test_info)
		{
			const TestResult &result = *test_info.result();
			const std::string kTestcase = "testcase";

			*stream << "    <testcase";
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "name", test_info.name());

			if (test_info.value_param() != NULL)
			{
				OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "value_param",
				                   test_info.value_param());
			}
			if (test_info.type_param() != NULL)
			{
				OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "type_param", test_info.type_param());
			}

			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "status",
			                   test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun");
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "time",
			                   FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(result.elapsed_time()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestcase, "classname", test_case_name);
			*stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(result);

			int failures = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i)
			{
				const TestPartResult &part = result.GetTestPartResult(i);
				if (part.failed())
				{
					if (++failures == 1)
					{
						*stream << ">\n";
					}
					const string location = internal::FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
					                            part.file_name(), part.line_number());
					const string summary = location + "\n" + part.summary();
					*stream << "      <failure message=\""
					        << EscapeXmlAttribute(summary.c_str())
					        << "\" type=\"\">";
					const string detail = location + "\n" + part.message();
					OutputXmlCDataSection(stream, RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters(detail).c_str());
					*stream << "</failure>\n";
				}
			}

			if (failures == 0)
				*stream << " />\n";
			else
				*stream << "    </testcase>\n";
		}

		// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase(std::ostream *stream,
		                                                const TestCase &test_case)
		{
			const std::string kTestsuite = "testsuite";
			*stream << "  <" << kTestsuite;
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "name", test_case.name());
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "tests",
			                   StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "failures",
			                   StreamableToString(test_case.failed_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(
			    stream, kTestsuite, "disabled",
			    StreamableToString(test_case.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "errors", "0");
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuite, "time",
			                   FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(test_case.elapsed_time()));
			*stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(test_case.ad_hoc_test_result())
			        << ">\n";

			for (int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i)
			{
				if (test_case.GetTestInfo(i)->is_reportable())
					OutputXmlTestInfo(stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo(i));
			}
			*stream << "  </" << kTestsuite << ">\n";
		}

		// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
		void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest(std::ostream *stream,
		                                                const UnitTest &unit_test)
		{
			const std::string kTestsuites = "testsuites";

			*stream << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
			*stream << "<" << kTestsuites;

			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "tests",
			                   StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "failures",
			                   StreamableToString(unit_test.failed_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(
			    stream, kTestsuites, "disabled",
			    StreamableToString(unit_test.reportable_disabled_test_count()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "errors", "0");
			OutputXmlAttribute(
			    stream, kTestsuites, "timestamp",
			    FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(unit_test.start_timestamp()));
			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "time",
			                   FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(unit_test.elapsed_time()));

			if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle))
			{
				OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "random_seed",
				                   StreamableToString(unit_test.random_seed()));
			}

			*stream << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(unit_test.ad_hoc_test_result());

			OutputXmlAttribute(stream, kTestsuites, "name", "AllTests");
			*stream << ">\n";

			for (int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i)
			{
				if (unit_test.GetTestCase(i)->reportable_test_count() > 0)
					PrintXmlTestCase(stream, *unit_test.GetTestCase(i));
			}
			*stream << "</" << kTestsuites << ">\n";
		}

		// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
		// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
		std::string XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
		    const TestResult &result)
		{
			Message attributes;
			for (int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i)
			{
				const TestProperty &property = result.GetTestProperty(i);
				attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
				           << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute(property.value()) << "\"";
			}
			return attributes.GetString();
		}

		// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

		// Checks if str contains '=', '&', '%' or '\n' characters. If yes,
		// replaces them by "%xx" where xx is their hexadecimal value. For
		// example, replaces "=" with "%3D".  This algorithm is O(strlen(str))
		// in both time and space -- important as the input str may contain an
		// arbitrarily long test failure message and stack trace.
		string StreamingListener::UrlEncode(const char *str)
		{
			string result;
			result.reserve(strlen(str) + 1);
			for (char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str)
			{
				switch (ch)
				{
				case '%':
				case '=':
				case '&':
				case '\n':
					result.append("%" + String::FormatByte(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
					break;
				default:
					result.push_back(ch);
					break;
				}
			}
			return result;
		}

		void StreamingListener::SocketWriter::MakeConnection()
		{
			GTEST_CHECK_(sockfd_ == -1)
			        << "MakeConnection() can't be called when there is already a connection.";

			addrinfo hints;
			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
			hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;    // To allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
			addrinfo *servinfo = NULL;

			// Use the getaddrinfo() to get a linked list of IP addresses for
			// the given host name.
			const int error_num = getaddrinfo(
			                          host_name_.c_str(), port_num_.c_str(), &hints, &servinfo);
			if (error_num != 0)
			{
				GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: getaddrinfo() failed: "
				                    << gai_strerror(error_num);
			}

			// Loop through all the results and connect to the first we can.
			for (addrinfo *cur_addr = servinfo; sockfd_ == -1 && cur_addr != NULL;
			     cur_addr = cur_addr->ai_next)
			{
				sockfd_ = socket(
				              cur_addr->ai_family, cur_addr->ai_socktype, cur_addr->ai_protocol);
				if (sockfd_ != -1)
				{
					// Connect the client socket to the server socket.
					if (connect(sockfd_, cur_addr->ai_addr, cur_addr->ai_addrlen) == -1)
					{
						close(sockfd_);
						sockfd_ = -1;
					}
				}
			}

			freeaddrinfo(servinfo);  // all done with this structure

			if (sockfd_ == -1)
			{
				GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "stream_result_to: failed to connect to "
				                    << host_name_ << ":" << port_num_;
			}
		}

		// End of class Streaming Listener
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS__

		// Class ScopedTrace

		// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
		// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
		ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace(const char *file, int line, const Message &message)
		GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_)
		{
			TraceInfo trace;
			trace.file = file;
			trace.line = line;
			trace.message = message.GetString();

			UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace(trace);
		}

		// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
		ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace()
		GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(&UnitTest::mutex_)
		{
			UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
		}


		// class OsStackTraceGetter

		// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.  Parameters:
		//
		//   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
		//                in the trace.
		//   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
		//                against max_depth.
		//
		string OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace(int /* max_depth */,
		                                             int /* skip_count */)
		GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
		{
			return "";
		}

		void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest()
		GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
		{
		}

		const char *const
		OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
		    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";

		// A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
		// constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
		class ScopedPrematureExitFile
		{
		public:
			explicit ScopedPrematureExitFile(const char *premature_exit_filepath)
				: premature_exit_filepath_(premature_exit_filepath)
			{
				// If a path to the premature-exit file is specified...
				if (premature_exit_filepath != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath != '\0')
				{
					// create the file with a single "0" character in it.  I/O
					// errors are ignored as there's nothing better we can do and we
					// don't want to fail the test because of this.
					FILE *pfile = posix::FOpen(premature_exit_filepath, "w");
					fwrite("0", 1, 1, pfile);
					fclose(pfile);
				}
			}

			~ScopedPrematureExitFile()
			{
				if (premature_exit_filepath_ != NULL && *premature_exit_filepath_ != '\0')
				{
					remove(premature_exit_filepath_);
				}
			}

		private:
			const char *const premature_exit_filepath_;

			GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ScopedPrematureExitFile);
		};

	}  // namespace internal

	// class TestEventListeners

	TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
		: repeater_(new internal::TestEventRepeater()),
		  default_result_printer_(NULL),
		  default_xml_generator_(NULL)
	{
	}

	TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners()
	{
		delete repeater_;
	}

	// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
	// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
	// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
	// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
	void TestEventListeners::Append(TestEventListener *listener)
	{
		repeater_->Append(listener);
	}

	// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
	// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
	// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
	TestEventListener *TestEventListeners::Release(TestEventListener *listener)
	{
		if (listener == default_result_printer_)
			default_result_printer_ = NULL;
		else if (listener == default_xml_generator_)
			default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
		return repeater_->Release(listener);
	}

	// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
	// subscribers.
	TestEventListener *TestEventListeners::repeater()
	{
		return repeater_;
	}

	// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
	// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListener *listener)
	{
		if (default_result_printer_ != listener)
		{
			// It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
			// list.
			delete Release(default_result_printer_);
			default_result_printer_ = listener;
			if (listener != NULL)
				Append(listener);
		}
	}

	// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
	// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
	// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
	// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
	// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
	void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListener *listener)
	{
		if (default_xml_generator_ != listener)
		{
			// It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
			// list.
			delete Release(default_xml_generator_);
			default_xml_generator_ = listener;
			if (listener != NULL)
				Append(listener);
		}
	}

	// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
	// listeners in the list.
	bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const
	{
		return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
	}

	void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding()
	{
		repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled(false);
	}

	// class UnitTest

	// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
	// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
	// calls will return the same object.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
	// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
	// value will never change.
	UnitTest *UnitTest::GetInstance()
	{
		// When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
		// UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
		// causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
		// different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
		// This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
		// leaking the UnitTest object.

		// CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
		// default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
		// design with private destructor.

#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
		static UnitTest *const instance = new UnitTest;
		return instance;
#else
		static UnitTest instance;
		return &instance;
#endif  // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
	}

	// Gets the number of successful test cases.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const
	{
		return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of failed test cases.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const
	{
		return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases.
	int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const
	{
		return impl()->total_test_case_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
	// that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const
	{
		return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of successful tests.
	int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->successful_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of failed tests.
	int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->failed_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of disabled tests that will be reported in the XML report.
	int UnitTest::reportable_disabled_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->reportable_disabled_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of disabled tests.
	int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->disabled_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of tests to be printed in the XML report.
	int UnitTest::reportable_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->reportable_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of all tests.
	int UnitTest::total_test_count() const
	{
		return impl()->total_test_count();
	}

	// Gets the number of tests that should run.
	int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const
	{
		return impl()->test_to_run_count();
	}

	// Gets the time of the test program start, in ms from the start of the
	// UNIX epoch.
	internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::start_timestamp() const
	{
		return impl()->start_timestamp();
	}

	// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
	internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const
	{
		return impl()->elapsed_time();
	}

	// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
	bool UnitTest::Passed() const
	{
		return impl()->Passed();
	}

	// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
	// or something outside of all tests failed).
	bool UnitTest::Failed() const
	{
		return impl()->Failed();
	}

	// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	const TestCase *UnitTest::GetTestCase(int i) const
	{
		return impl()->GetTestCase(i);
	}

	// Returns the TestResult containing information on test failures and
	// properties logged outside of individual test cases.
	const TestResult &UnitTest::ad_hoc_test_result() const
	{
		return *impl()->ad_hoc_test_result();
	}

	// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
	// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
	TestCase *UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase(int i)
	{
		return impl()->GetMutableTestCase(i);
	}

	// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
	// inside Google Test.
	TestEventListeners &UnitTest::listeners()
	{
		return *impl()->listeners();
	}

	// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
	// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
	// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
	// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
	// *reverse* order they were registered.
	//
	// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
	// from the main thread.
	Environment *UnitTest::AddEnvironment(Environment *env)
	{
		if (env == NULL)
		{
			return NULL;
		}

		impl_->environments().push_back(env);
		return env;
	}

	// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
	// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
	// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
	// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
	void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult(
	    TestPartResult::Type result_type,
	    const char *file_name,
	    int line_number,
	    const std::string &message,
	    const std::string &os_stack_trace) GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		Message msg;
		msg << message;

		internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
		if (impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0)
		{
			msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";

			for (int i = static_cast<int>(impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size());
			     i > 0; --i)
			{
				const internal::TraceInfo &trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
				msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation(trace.file, trace.line)
				    << " " << trace.message;
			}
		}

		if (os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty())
		{
			msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
		}

		const TestPartResult result =
		    TestPartResult(result_type, file_name, line_number,
		                   msg.GetString().c_str());
		impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
		ReportTestPartResult(result);

		if (result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess)
		{
			// gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
			// gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
			// in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
			// with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
			// command line for debugging.
			if (GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
			{
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
				// Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
				// when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
				// the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
				DebugBreak();
#else
				// Dereference NULL through a volatile pointer to prevent the compiler
				// from removing. We use this rather than abort() or __builtin_trap() for
				// portability: Symbian doesn't implement abort() well, and some debuggers
				// don't correctly trap abort().
				*static_cast<volatile int *>(NULL) = 1;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
			}
			else if (GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
			{
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
				throw internal::GoogleTestFailureException(result);
#else
				// We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
				// that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
				exit(1);
#endif
			}
		}
	}

	// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked from
	// inside a test, to current TestCase's ad_hoc_test_result_ when invoked
	// from SetUpTestCase or TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
	// when invoked elsewhere.  If the result already contains a property with
	// the same key, the value will be updated.
	void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string &key,
	                              const std::string &value)
	{
		impl_->RecordProperty(TestProperty(key, value));
	}

	// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
	// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
	//
	// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
	// from the main thread.
	int UnitTest::Run()
	{
		const bool in_death_test_child_process =
		    internal::GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;

		// Google Test implements this protocol for catching that a test
		// program exits before returning control to Google Test:
		//
		//   1. Upon start, Google Test creates a file whose absolute path
		//      is specified by the environment variable
		//      TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE.
		//   2. When Google Test has finished its work, it deletes the file.
		//
		// This allows a test runner to set TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE before
		// running a Google-Test-based test program and check the existence
		// of the file at the end of the test execution to see if it has
		// exited prematurely.

		// If we are in the child process of a death test, don't
		// create/delete the premature exit file, as doing so is unnecessary
		// and will confuse the parent process.  Otherwise, create/delete
		// the file upon entering/leaving this function.  If the program
		// somehow exits before this function has a chance to return, the
		// premature-exit file will be left undeleted, causing a test runner
		// that understands the premature-exit-file protocol to report the
		// test as having failed.
		const internal::ScopedPrematureExitFile premature_exit_file(
		    in_death_test_child_process ?
		    NULL : internal::posix::GetEnv("TEST_PREMATURE_EXIT_FILE"));

		// Captures the value of GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions).  This value will be
		// used for the duration of the program.
		impl()->set_catch_exceptions(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));

#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
		// Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
		// tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
		// process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
		// about crashes - they are expected.
		if (impl()->catch_exceptions() || in_death_test_child_process)
		{
# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			// SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
			SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
			             SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

# if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			// Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
			// _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
			// abort message to go to stderr instead.
			_set_error_mode(_OUT_TO_STDERR);
# endif

# if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
			// In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
			// offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
			// this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
			// executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
			// failure via stderr.
			//
			// VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
			// Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
			// clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
			// TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
			// debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
			if (!GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure))
				_set_abort_behavior(
				    0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
				    _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);  // pop-up window, core dump.
# endif
		}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

		return internal::HandleExceptionsInMethodIfSupported(
		           impl(),
		           &internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests,
		           "auxiliary test code (environments or event listeners)") ? 0 : 1;
	}

	// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
	// executed.
	const char *UnitTest::original_working_dir() const
	{
		return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
	}

	// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
	// or NULL if no test is running.
	const TestCase *UnitTest::current_test_case() const
	GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
		return impl_->current_test_case();
	}

	// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
	// or NULL if no test is running.
	const TestInfo *UnitTest::current_test_info() const
	GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
		return impl_->current_test_info();
	}

	// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
	int UnitTest::random_seed() const
	{
		return impl_->random_seed();
	}

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
	// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
	// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
	internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry &
	UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry()
	GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
	}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

	// Creates an empty UnitTest.
	UnitTest::UnitTest()
	{
		impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl(this);
	}

	// Destructor of UnitTest.
	UnitTest::~UnitTest()
	{
		delete impl_;
	}

	// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
	// Google Test trace stack.
	void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace(const internal::TraceInfo &trace)
	GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
		impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back(trace);
	}

	// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
	void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace()
	GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_)
	{
		internal::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
		impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
	}

	namespace internal
	{

		UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest *parent)
			: parent_(parent),
#ifdef _MSC_VER
# pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
# pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
			  // (using this in initializer).
			  default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
			  default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
# pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
#else
			  default_global_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
			  default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(this),
#endif  // _MSC_VER
			  global_test_part_result_repoter_(
			      &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_),
			  per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
			      &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_),
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
			  parameterized_test_registry_(),
			  parameterized_tests_registered_(false),
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
			  last_death_test_case_(-1),
			  current_test_case_(NULL),
			  current_test_info_(NULL),
			  ad_hoc_test_result_(),
			  os_stack_trace_getter_(NULL),
			  post_flag_parse_init_performed_(false),
			  random_seed_(0),  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
			  random_(0),  // Will be reseeded before first use.
			  start_timestamp_(0),
			  elapsed_time_(0),
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
			  death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
#endif
			  // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
			  catch_exceptions_(false)
		{
			listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter(new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter);
		}

		UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl()
		{
			// Deletes every TestCase.
			ForEach(test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase>);

			// Deletes every Environment.
			ForEach(environments_, internal::Delete<Environment>);

			delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
		}

		// Adds a TestProperty to the current TestResult object when invoked in a
		// context of a test, to current test case's ad_hoc_test_result when invoke
		// from SetUpTestCase/TearDownTestCase, or to the global property set
		// otherwise.  If the result already contains a property with the same key,
		// the value will be updated.
		void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty &test_property)
		{
			std::string xml_element;
			TestResult *test_result;  // TestResult appropriate for property recording.

			if (current_test_info_ != NULL)
			{
				xml_element = "testcase";
				test_result = &(current_test_info_->result_);
			}
			else if (current_test_case_ != NULL)
			{
				xml_element = "testsuite";
				test_result = &(current_test_case_->ad_hoc_test_result_);
			}
			else
			{
				xml_element = "testsuites";
				test_result = &ad_hoc_test_result_;
			}
			test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
		}

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
		// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
		// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
		void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess()
		{
			if (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL)
				listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
		}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

		// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
		// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
		void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput()
		{
			const std::string &output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();
			if (output_format == "xml")
			{
				listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
				                                        UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str()));
			}
			else if (output_format != "")
			{
				printf("WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
				       output_format.c_str());
				fflush(stdout);
			}
		}

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
		// Initializes event listeners for streaming test results in string form.
		// Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
		void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureStreamingOutput()
		{
			const std::string &target = GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);
			if (!target.empty())
			{
				const size_t pos = target.find(':');
				if (pos != std::string::npos)
				{
					listeners()->Append(new StreamingListener(target.substr(0, pos),
					                                          target.substr(pos + 1)));
				}
				else
				{
					printf("WARNING: unrecognized streaming target \"%s\" ignored.\n",
					       target.c_str());
					fflush(stdout);
				}
			}
		}
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_

		// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
		// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
		// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
		// this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
		// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
		void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit()
		{
			// Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
			if (!post_flag_parse_init_performed_)
			{
				post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
				InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
				SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

				// Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
				// available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
				// RUN_ALL_TESTS.
				RegisterParameterizedTests();

				// Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
				// to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
				ConfigureXmlOutput();

#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
				// Configures listeners for streaming test results to the specified server.
				ConfigureStreamingOutput();
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
			}
		}

		// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
		// value.
		//
		// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
		// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
		// namespace.
		//
		// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
		class TestCaseNameIs
		{
		public:
			// Constructor.
			explicit TestCaseNameIs(const std::string &name)
				: name_(name) {}

			// Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
			bool operator()(const TestCase *test_case) const
			{
				return test_case != NULL && strcmp(test_case->name(), name_.c_str()) == 0;
			}

		private:
			std::string name_;
		};

		// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
		// exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
		// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
		// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
		//
		// Arguments:
		//
		//   test_case_name: name of the test case
		//   type_param:     the name of the test case's type parameter, or NULL if
		//                   this is not a typed or a type-parameterized test case.
		//   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
		//   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
		TestCase *UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase(const char *test_case_name,
		                                    const char *type_param,
		                                    Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
		                                    Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc)
		{
			// Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
			const std::vector<TestCase *>::const_iterator test_case =
			    std::find_if(test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
			                 TestCaseNameIs(test_case_name));

			if (test_case != test_cases_.end())
				return *test_case;

			// No.  Let's create one.
			TestCase *const new_test_case =
			    new TestCase(test_case_name, type_param, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc);

			// Is this a death test case?
			if (internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
			                                             kDeathTestCaseFilter))
			{
				// Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
				// defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
				// been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
				// after a non-death test.
				++last_death_test_case_;
				test_cases_.insert(test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
				                   new_test_case);
			}
			else
			{
				// No.  Appends to the end of the list.
				test_cases_.push_back(new_test_case);
			}

			test_case_indices_.push_back(static_cast<int>(test_case_indices_.size()));
			return new_test_case;
		}

		// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment.  They
		// are for use in the ForEach() function.
		static void SetUpEnvironment(Environment *env)
		{
			env->SetUp();
		}
		static void TearDownEnvironment(Environment *env)
		{
			env->TearDown();
		}

		// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
		// returns true if all tests are successful.  If any exception is
		// thrown during a test, the test is considered to be failed, but the
		// rest of the tests will still be run.
		//
		// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
		// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
		// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
		// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
		bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests()
		{
			// Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
			if (!GTestIsInitialized())
			{
				printf("%s",
				       "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
				       "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n");
				return false;
			}

			// Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
			if (g_help_flag)
				return true;

			// Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
			// user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
			PostFlagParsingInit();

			// Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
			// GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
			// protocol.
			internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();

			// True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
			// death test.
			bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
			in_subprocess_for_death_test = (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL);
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

			const bool should_shard = ShouldShard(kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
			                                      in_subprocess_for_death_test);

			// Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
			// tests to run.
			const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests(should_shard
			                                          ? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
			                                          : IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL) > 0;

			// Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
			if (GTEST_FLAG(list_tests))
			{
				// This must be called *after* FilterTests() has been called.
				ListTestsMatchingFilter();
				return true;
			}

			random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) ?
			               GetRandomSeedFromFlag(GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) : 0;

			// True iff at least one test has failed.
			bool failed = false;

			TestEventListener *repeater = listeners()->repeater();

			start_timestamp_ = GetTimeInMillis();
			repeater->OnTestProgramStart(*parent_);

			// How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
			// when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
			const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG(repeat);
			// Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
			const bool forever = repeat < 0;
			for (int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++)
			{
				// We want to preserve failures generated by ad-hoc test
				// assertions executed before RUN_ALL_TESTS().
				ClearNonAdHocTestResult();

				const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();

				// Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
				if (has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG(shuffle))
				{
					random()->Reseed(random_seed_);
					// This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
					// such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
					// in the event.
					ShuffleTests();
				}

				// Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
				repeater->OnTestIterationStart(*parent_, i);

				// Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
				if (has_tests_to_run)
				{
					// Sets up all environments beforehand.
					repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(*parent_);
					ForEach(environments_, SetUpEnvironment);
					repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd(*parent_);

					// Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
					// set-up.
					if (!Test::HasFatalFailure())
					{
						for (int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
						     test_index++)
						{
							GetMutableTestCase(test_index)->Run();
						}
					}

					// Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
					repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(*parent_);
					std::for_each(environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
					              TearDownEnvironment);
					repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd(*parent_);
				}

				elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;

				// Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
				repeater->OnTestIterationEnd(*parent_, i);

				// Gets the result and clears it.
				if (!Passed())
				{
					failed = true;
				}

				// Restores the original test order after the iteration.  This
				// allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
				// N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
				// This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
				// case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
				// (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
				UnshuffleTests();

				if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle))
				{
					// Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
					random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed(random_seed_);
				}
			}

			repeater->OnTestProgramEnd(*parent_);

			return !failed;
		}

		// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
		// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
		// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
		// be created, prints an error and exits.
		void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded()
		{
			const char *const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv(kTestShardStatusFile);
			if (test_shard_file != NULL)
			{
				FILE *const file = posix::FOpen(test_shard_file, "w");
				if (file == NULL)
				{
					ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED,
					              "Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
					              "specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
					              test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile);
					fflush(stdout);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				fclose(file);
			}
		}

		// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
		// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
		// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
		// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
		// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
		// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
		bool ShouldShard(const char *total_shards_env,
		                 const char *shard_index_env,
		                 bool in_subprocess_for_death_test)
		{
			if (in_subprocess_for_death_test)
			{
				return false;
			}

			const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie(total_shards_env, -1);
			const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie(shard_index_env, -1);

			if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1)
			{
				return false;
			}
			else if (total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1)
			{
				const Message msg = Message()
				                    << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
				                    << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
				                    << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
				fflush(stdout);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			else if (total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1)
			{
				const Message msg = Message()
				                    << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
				                    << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
				                    << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
				fflush(stdout);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			else if (shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards)
			{
				const Message msg = Message()
				                    << "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
				                    << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
				                    << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
				                    << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
				ColoredPrintf(COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str());
				fflush(stdout);
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}

			return total_shards > 1;
		}

		// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
		// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
		// and aborts.
		Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie(const char *var, Int32 default_val)
		{
			const char *str_val = posix::GetEnv(var);
			if (str_val == NULL)
			{
				return default_val;
			}

			Int32 result;
			if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
			                str_val, &result))
			{
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
			}
			return result;
		}

		// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
		// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
		// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
		// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
		bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id)
		{
			return (test_id % total_shards) == shard_index;
		}

		// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
		// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
		// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
		// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
		// variables in the environment - see
		// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
		// Returns the number of tests that should run.
		int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests(ReactionToSharding shard_tests)
		{
			const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
			                           Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestTotalShards, -1) : -1;
			const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
			                          Int32FromEnvOrDie(kTestShardIndex, -1) : -1;

			// num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
			// run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
			// num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
			// this shard.
			int num_runnable_tests = 0;
			int num_selected_tests = 0;
			for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++)
			{
				TestCase *const test_case = test_cases_[i];
				const std::string &test_case_name = test_case->name();
				test_case->set_should_run(false);

				for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++)
				{
					TestInfo *const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
					const std::string test_name(test_info->name());
					// A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
					// kDisableTestFilter.
					const bool is_disabled =
					    internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_case_name,
					                                             kDisableTestFilter) ||
					    internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter(test_name,
					                                             kDisableTestFilter);
					test_info->is_disabled_ = is_disabled;

					const bool matches_filter =
					    internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest(test_case_name,
					                                                 test_name);
					test_info->matches_filter_ = matches_filter;

					const bool is_runnable =
					    (GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) || !is_disabled) &&
					    matches_filter;

					const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
					                         (shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
					                          ShouldRunTestOnShard(total_shards, shard_index,
					                                               num_runnable_tests));

					num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
					num_selected_tests += is_selected;

					test_info->should_run_ = is_selected;
					test_case->set_should_run(test_case->should_run() || is_selected);
				}
			}
			return num_selected_tests;
		}

		// Prints the given C-string on a single line by replacing all '\n'
		// characters with string "\\n".  If the output takes more than
		// max_length characters, only prints the first max_length characters
		// and "...".
		static void PrintOnOneLine(const char *str, int max_length)
		{
			if (str != NULL)
			{
				for (int i = 0; *str != '\0'; ++str)
				{
					if (i >= max_length)
					{
						printf("...");
						break;
					}
					if (*str == '\n')
					{
						printf("\\n");
						i += 2;
					}
					else
					{
						printf("%c", *str);
						++i;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
		void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter()
		{
			// Print at most this many characters for each type/value parameter.
			const int kMaxParamLength = 250;

			for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++)
			{
				const TestCase *const test_case = test_cases_[i];
				bool printed_test_case_name = false;

				for (size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++)
				{
					const TestInfo *const test_info =
					    test_case->test_info_list()[j];
					if (test_info->matches_filter_)
					{
						if (!printed_test_case_name)
						{
							printed_test_case_name = true;
							printf("%s.", test_case->name());
							if (test_case->type_param() != NULL)
							{
								printf("  # %s = ", kTypeParamLabel);
								// We print the type parameter on a single line to make
								// the output easy to parse by a program.
								PrintOnOneLine(test_case->type_param(), kMaxParamLength);
							}
							printf("\n");
						}
						printf("  %s", test_info->name());
						if (test_info->value_param() != NULL)
						{
							printf("  # %s = ", kValueParamLabel);
							// We print the value parameter on a single line to make the
							// output easy to parse by a program.
							PrintOnOneLine(test_info->value_param(), kMaxParamLength);
						}
						printf("\n");
					}
				}
			}
			fflush(stdout);
		}

		// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
		//
		// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
		// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
		// current getter.
		void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
		    OsStackTraceGetterInterface *getter)
		{
			if (os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter)
			{
				delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
				os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
			}
		}

		// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
		// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
		// getter, and returns it.
		OsStackTraceGetterInterface *UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter()
		{
			if (os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL)
			{
				os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
			}

			return os_stack_trace_getter_;
		}

		// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
		// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
		TestResult *UnitTestImpl::current_test_result()
		{
			return current_test_info_ ?
			       &(current_test_info_->result_) : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
		}

		// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
		// making sure that death tests are still run first.
		void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests()
		{
			// Shuffles the death test cases.
			ShuffleRange(random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_);

			// Shuffles the non-death test cases.
			ShuffleRange(random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
			             static_cast<int>(test_cases_.size()), &test_case_indices_);

			// Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
			for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++)
			{
				test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests(random());
			}
		}

		// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
		void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests()
		{
			for (size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++)
			{
				// Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
				test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
				// Resets the index of each test case.
				test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>(i);
			}
		}

		// Returns the current OS stack trace as an std::string.
		//
		// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
		// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
		// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
		// count against the number of frames to be included.
		//
		// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
		// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
		// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
		std::string GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(UnitTest * /*unit_test*/,
		                                            int skip_count)
		{
			// We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
			// to what the user really wants to skip.
			return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(skip_count + 1);
		}

		// Used by the GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_ macro to
		// suppress unreachable code warnings.
		namespace
		{
			class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {};
		}

		bool IsTrue(bool condition)
		{
			return condition;
		}

		bool AlwaysTrue()
		{
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
			// This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
			// but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
			if (IsTrue(false))
				throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
			return true;
		}

		// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
		// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
		// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
		bool SkipPrefix(const char *prefix, const char **pstr)
		{
			const size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
			if (strncmp(*pstr, prefix, prefix_len) == 0)
			{
				*pstr += prefix_len;
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}

		// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
		// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
		// part can be omitted.
		//
		// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
		const char *ParseFlagValue(const char *str,
		                           const char *flag,
		                           bool def_optional)
		{
			// str and flag must not be NULL.
			if (str == NULL || flag == NULL) return NULL;

			// The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
			const std::string flag_str = std::string("--") + GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ + flag;
			const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();
			if (strncmp(str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len) != 0) return NULL;

			// Skips the flag name.
			const char *flag_end = str + flag_len;

			// When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
			if (def_optional && (flag_end[0] == '\0'))
			{
				return flag_end;
			}

			// If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
			// flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
			// the flag name.
			if (flag_end[0] != '=') return NULL;

			// Returns the string after "=".
			return flag_end + 1;
		}

		// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
		// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
		//
		// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
		// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
		//
		// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
		//
		// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
		// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
		bool ParseBoolFlag(const char *str, const char *flag, bool *value)
		{
			// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
			const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, true);

			// Aborts if the parsing failed.
			if (value_str == NULL) return false;

			// Converts the string value to a bool.
			*value = !(*value_str == '0' || *value_str == 'f' || *value_str == 'F');
			return true;
		}

		// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
		// "--flag=value".
		//
		// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
		// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
		bool ParseInt32Flag(const char *str, const char *flag, Int32 *value)
		{
			// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
			const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

			// Aborts if the parsing failed.
			if (value_str == NULL) return false;

			// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
			return ParseInt32(Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
			                  value_str, value);
		}

		// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
		// "--flag=value".
		//
		// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
		// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
		bool ParseStringFlag(const char *str, const char *flag, std::string *value)
		{
			// Gets the value of the flag as a string.
			const char *const value_str = ParseFlagValue(str, flag, false);

			// Aborts if the parsing failed.
			if (value_str == NULL) return false;

			// Sets *value to the value of the flag.
			*value = value_str;
			return true;
		}

		// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
		// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
		// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
		// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
		// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
		// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
		static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(const char *str)
		{
			return (SkipPrefix("--", &str) ||
			        SkipPrefix("-", &str) ||
			        SkipPrefix("/", &str)) &&
			       !SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "internal_", &str) &&
			       (SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str) ||
			        SkipPrefix(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str));
		}

		// Prints a string containing code-encoded text.  The following escape
		// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
		//
		//   @@    prints a single '@' character.
		//   @R    changes the color to red.
		//   @G    changes the color to green.
		//   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
		//   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
		//
		// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
		// capturing to Google Test.
		static void PrintColorEncoded(const char *str)
		{
			GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.

			// Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
			// sequences.  Then we print one segment at a time.  At the end of
			// each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
			// next segment.
			for (;;)
			{
				const char *p = strchr(str, '@');
				if (p == NULL)
				{
					ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", str);
					return;
				}

				ColoredPrintf(color, "%s", std::string(str, p).c_str());

				const char ch = p[1];
				str = p + 2;
				if (ch == '@')
				{
					ColoredPrintf(color, "@");
				}
				else if (ch == 'D')
				{
					color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
				}
				else if (ch == 'R')
				{
					color = COLOR_RED;
				}
				else if (ch == 'G')
				{
					color = COLOR_GREEN;
				}
				else if (ch == 'Y')
				{
					color = COLOR_YELLOW;
				}
				else
				{
					--str;
				}
			}
		}

		static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
		    "This program contains tests written using " GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
		    "following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
		    "\n"
		    "Test Selection:\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
		    "      List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
		    "      TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
		    "[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
		    "      Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
		    "      none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
		    "      matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
		    "      Run all disabled tests too.\n"
		    "\n"
		    "Test Execution:\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
		    "      Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
		    "      Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
		    "      Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
		    "      99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
		    "\n"
		    "Test Output:\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
		    "      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
		    "  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
		    "      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
		    GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
		    "      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
		    "      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
#if GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
	"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "stream_result_to=@YHOST@G:@YPORT@D\n"
	"      Stream test results to the given server.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_
		    "\n"
		    "Assertion Behavior:\n"
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
	"  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
	"      Set the default death test style.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
		    "      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
		    "      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
		    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions=0@D\n"
		    "      Do not report exceptions as test failures. Instead, allow them\n"
		    "      to crash the program or throw a pop-up (on Windows).\n"
		    "\n"
		    "Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
		    "the corresponding\n"
		    "environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
		    "disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
		    "color=no@D or set\n"
		    "the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
		    "\n"
		    "For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
		    "@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
		    "(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
		    "@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";

		// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
		// other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
		// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
		template <typename CharType>
		void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(int *argc, CharType **argv)
		{
			for (int i = 1; i < *argc; i++)
			{
				const std::string arg_string = StreamableToString(argv[i]);
				const char *const arg = arg_string.c_str();

				using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
				using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
				using internal::ParseStringFlag;

				// Do we see a Google Test flag?
				if (ParseBoolFlag(arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
				                  &GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
				                  &GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
				                  &GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(color)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
				                    &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
				                  &GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(filter)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
				                    &GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(output)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(print_time)) ||
				    ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)) ||
				    ParseInt32Flag(arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(repeat)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) ||
				    ParseInt32Flag(arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
				                   &GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth)) ||
				    ParseStringFlag(arg, kStreamResultToFlag,
				                    &GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to)) ||
				    ParseBoolFlag(arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag,
				                  &GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure))
				   )
				{
					// Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
					// that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
					// NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
					// well.
					for (int j = i; j != *argc; j++)
					{
						argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
					}

					// Decrements the argument count.
					(*argc)--;

					// We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
					// an element.
					i--;
				}
				else if (arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
				         arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
				         HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix(arg))
				{
					// Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
					// internal ones) trigger help display.
					g_help_flag = true;
				}
			}

			if (g_help_flag)
			{
				// We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
				// latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
				// Test with another testing framework.
				PrintColorEncoded(kColorEncodedHelpMessage);
			}
		}

		// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
		// other parts of Google Test.
		void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, char **argv)
		{
			ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
		}
		void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int *argc, wchar_t **argv)
		{
			ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl(argc, argv);
		}

		// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
		//
		// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
		// wchar_t.
		template <typename CharType>
		void InitGoogleTestImpl(int *argc, CharType **argv)
		{
			g_init_gtest_count++;

			// We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
			if (g_init_gtest_count != 1) return;

			if (*argc <= 0) return;

			internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString(argv[0]);

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

			g_argvs.clear();
			for (int i = 0; i != *argc; i++)
			{
				g_argvs.push_back(StreamableToString(argv[i]));
			}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

			ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(argc, argv);
			GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
		}

	}  // namespace internal

	// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
	// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
	// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
	// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
	//
	// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
	// updated.
	//
	// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
	void InitGoogleTest(int *argc, char **argv)
	{
		internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
	}

	// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
	// UNICODE mode.
	void InitGoogleTest(int *argc, wchar_t **argv)
	{
		internal::InitGoogleTestImpl(argc, argv);
	}

}  // namespace testing
